数据与智能

<?php
// Include the phpass library
require_once('phpass-03/PasswordHash.php')

// Initialize the hasher without portable hashes (this is more secure)
$hasher = new PasswordHash(8, false);

// Hash the password. $hashedPassword will be a 60-character string.
$hashedPassword = $hasher->HashPassword('my super cool password');

// You can now safely store the contents of $hashedPassword in your database!

// Check if a user has provided the correct password by comparing what they
// typed with our hash
$hasher->CheckPassword('the wrong password', $hashedPassword);  // false

$hasher->CheckPassword('my super cool password', $hashedPassword);  // true
?>

<?php
try{
    // Create a new connection.
    // You'll probably want to replace hostname with localhost in the first parameter.
    // The PDO options we pass do the following:
    // \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE enables exceptions for errors.  This is optional but can be handy.
    // \PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT disables persistent connections, which can cause concurrency issues in certain cases.  See "Gotchas".
    // \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND alerts the connection that we'll be passing UTF-8 data.
    // This may not be required depending on your configuration, but it'll save you headaches down the road
    // if you're trying to store Unicode strings in your database.  See "Gotchas".
    $link = new \PDO( 'mysql:host=your-hostname;dbname=your-db', 
                        'your-username', 
                        'your-password', 
                        array(
                            \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, 
                            \PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false, 
                            \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'set names utf8mb4'
                        )
                    );

    $handle = $link->prepare('select Username from Users where UserId = ? or Username = ? limit ?');

    // PHP bug: if you don't specify PDO::PARAM_INT, PDO may enclose the argument in quotes.
    // This can mess up some MySQL queries that don't expect integers to be quoted.
    // See: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=44639
    // If you're not sure whether the value you're passing is an integer, use the is_int() function.
    $handle->bindValue(1, 100, PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $handle->bindValue(2, 'Bilbo Baggins');
    $handle->bindValue(3, 5, PDO::PARAM_INT);

    $handle->execute();

    // Using the fetchAll() method might be too resource-heavy if you're selecting a truly massive amount of rows.
    // If that's the case, you can use the fetch() method and loop through each result row one by one.
    // You can also return arrays and other things instead of objects.  See the PDO documentation for details.
    $result = $handle->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_OBJ);

    foreach($result as $row){
        print($row->Username);
    }
}
catch(\PDOException $ex){
    print($ex->getMessage());
}
?>

<?php
// First, define your auto-load function
function MyAutoload($className){
    include_once($className . '.php');
}

// Next, register it with PHP
spl_autoload_register('MyAutoload');

// Try it out!
// Since we haven't included a file defining the MyClass object, our
// auto-loader will kick in and include MyClass.php.
// For this example, assume the MyClass class is defined in the MyClass.php
// file.
$var = new MyClass();
?>

<?php
// Let's see how the two methods treat namespaces
namespace MiddleEarth\Creatures\Dwarves;
const GIMLI_ID = 1;
define('MiddleEarth\Creatures\Elves\LEGOLAS_ID', 2);

echo(\MiddleEarth\Creatures\Dwarves\GIMLI_ID);  // 1
echo(\MiddleEarth\Creatures\Elves\LEGOLAS_ID);  // 2; note that we used define()

// Now let's declare some bit-shifted constants representing ways to enter Mordor.
define('TRANSPORT_METHOD_SNEAKING', 1 << 0); // OK!
const TRANSPORT_METHOD_WALKING = 1 << 1; //Compile error! const can't use expressions as values

// Next, conditional constants.
define('HOBBITS_FRODO_ID', 1);

if($isGoingToMordor){
    define('TRANSPORT_METHOD', TRANSPORT_METHOD_SNEAKING); // OK!
    const PARTY_LEADER_ID = HOBBITS_FRODO_ID // Compile error: const can't be used in an if block
}

// Finally, class constants
class OneRing{
    const MELTING_POINT_DEGREES = 1000000; // OK!
    define('SHOW_ELVISH_DEGREES', 200); // Compile error: can't use define() within a class
}
?>

user@localhost: sudo apt-get install php-apc

<?php
// Store some values in the APC cache.  We can optionally pass a time-to-live, 
// but in this example the values will live forever until they're garbage-collected by APC.
apc_store('username-1532', 'Frodo Baggins');
apc_store('username-958', 'Aragorn');
apc_store('username-6389', 'Gandalf');

// After storing these values, any PHP script can access them, no matter when it's run!
$value = apc_fetch('username-958', $success);
if($success === true)
    print($value); // Aragorn

$value = apc_fetch('username-1', $success); // $success will be set to boolean false, because this key doesn't exist.
if($success !== true) // Note the !==, this checks for true boolean false, not "falsey" values like 0 or empty string.
    print('Key not found');

apc_delete('username-958'); // This key will no longer be available.
?>

user@localhost: sudo apt-get install php5-memcached

user@localhost: sudo apt-get install apache2-mpm-worker
libapache2-mod-fastcgi php5-fpm
user@localhost: sudo a2enmod actions alias fastcgi

<VirtualHost *:80>
    AddHandler php5-fcgi .php
    Action php5-fcgi /php5-fcgi
    Alias /php5-fcgi /usr/lib/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi
    FastCgiExternalServer /usr/lib/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi -host 127.0.0.1:9000 -idle-timeout 120 -pass-header Authorization
</VirtualHost>

user@localhost: sudo service apache2 restart && sudo service php5-fpm
restart

<?php
// Include the PHPMailer library
require_once('phpmailer-5.1/class.phpmailer.php');

// Passing 'true' enables exceptions.  This is optional and defaults to false.
$mailer = new PHPMailer(true);

// Send a mail from Bilbo Baggins to Gandalf the Grey

// Set up to, from, and the message body.  The body doesn't have to be HTML;
// check the PHPMailer documentation for details.
$mailer->Sender = 'bbaggins@example.com';
$mailer->AddReplyTo('bbaggins@example.com', 'Bilbo Baggins');
$mailer->SetFrom('bbaggins@example.com', 'Bilbo Baggins');
$mailer->AddAddress('gandalf@example.com');
$mailer->Subject = 'The finest weed in the South Farthing';
$mailer->MsgHTML('<p>You really must try it, Gandalf!</p><p>-Bilbo</p>');

// Set up our connection information.
$mailer->IsSMTP();
$mailer->SMTPAuth = true;
$mailer->SMTPSecure = 'ssl';
$mailer->Port = 465;
$mailer->Host = 'my smpt host';
$mailer->Username = 'my smtp username';
$mailer->Password = 'my smtp password';

// All done!
$mailer->Send();
?>

<?php
filter_var('sgamgee@example.com', FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
//Returns "sgamgee@example.com". This is a valid email address.

filter_var('sauron@mordor', FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
// Returns boolean false! This is *not* a valid email address.
?>

<?php
// Oh no!  The user has submitted malicious HTML, and we have to display it in our web app!
$evilHtml = '<div onclick="xss();">Mua-ha-ha!  Twiddling my evil mustache...</div>';

// Use the ENT_QUOTES flag to make sure both single and double quotes are escaped.
// Use the UTF-8 character encoding if you've stored the text as UTF-8 (as you should have).
// See the UTF-8 section in this document for more details.
$safeHtml = htmlentities($evilHtml, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
// $safeHtml is now fully escaped HTML.  You can output $safeHtml to your users without fear!
?>

<?php
// Include the HTML Purifier library
require_once('htmlpurifier-4.4.0/HTMLPurifier.auto.php');

// Oh no!  The user has submitted malicious HTML, and we have to display it in our web app!
$evilHtml = '<div onclick="xss();">Mua-ha-ha!  Twiddling my evil mustache...</div>';

// Set up the HTML Purifier object with the default configuration.
$purifier = new HTMLPurifier(HTMLPurifier_Config::createDefault());

$safeHtml = $purifier->purify($evilHtml);
// $safeHtml is now sanitized.  You can output $safeHtml to your users without fear!
?>

<?php
// Tell PHP that we're using UTF-8 strings until the end of the script
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');

// Tell PHP that we'll be outputting UTF-8 to the browser
mb_http_output('UTF-8');

// Our UTF-8 test string
$string = 'Aš galiu valgyti stiklą ir jis manęs nežeidžia';

// Transform the string in some way with a multibyte function
$string = mb_substr($string, 0, 10);

// Connect to a database to store the transformed string
// See the PDO example in this document for more information
// Note the `set names utf8mb4` commmand!
$link = new \PDO(   'mysql:host=your-hostname;dbname=your-db',
                    'your-username',
                    'your-password',
                    array(
                        \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
                        \PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false,
                        \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'set names utf8mb4'
                    )
                );

// Store our transformed string as UTF-8 in our database
// Assume our DB and tables are in the utf8mb4 character set and collation
$handle = $link->prepare('insert into Sentences (Id, Body) values (?, ?)');
$handle->bindValue(1, 1, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$handle->bindValue(2, $string);
$handle->execute();

// Retrieve the string we just stored to prove it was stored correctly
$handle = $link->prepare('select * from Sentences where Id = ?');
$handle->bindValue(1, 1, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$handle->execute();

// Store the result into an object that we'll output later in our HTML
$result = $handle->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
?><!doctype html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <title>UTF-8 test page</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <?php
        foreach($result as $row){
            print($row->Body);  // This should correctly output our transformed UTF-8 string to the browser
        }
        ?>
    </body>
</html>

<?php
// Construct a new UTC date.  Always specify UTC unless you really know what you're doing!
$date = new DateTime('2011-05-04 05:00:00', new DateTimeZone('UTC'));

// Add ten days to our initial date
$date->add(new DateInterval('P10D'));

echo($date->format('Y-m-d h:i:s')); // 2011-05-14 05:00:00

// Sadly we don't have a Middle Earth timezone
// Convert our UTC date to the PST (or PDT, depending) time zone
$date->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('America/Los_Angeles'));

// Note that if you run this line yourself, it might differ by an hour depending on daylight savings
echo($date->format('Y-m-d h:i:s')); // 2011-05-13 10:00:00

$later = new DateTime('2012-05-20', new DateTimeZone('UTC'));

// Compare two dates
if($date < $later)
    echo('Yup, you can compare dates using these easy operators!');

// Find the difference between two dates
$difference = $date->diff($later);

echo('The 2nd date is ' . $difference['days'] . ' later than 1st date.');
?>

<?php
$x = 0;
$y = null;

// Is $x null?
if($x == null)
    print('Oops! $x is 0, not null!');

// Is $y null?
if(is_null($y))
    print('Great, but could be faster.');

if($y === null)
    print('Perfect!');

// Does the string abc contain the character a?
if(strpos('abc', 'a'))
    // GOTCHA!  strpos returns 0, indicating it wishes to return the position of the first character.
    // But PHP interpretes 0 as false, so we never reach this print statement!
    print('Found it!');

//Solution: use !== (the opposite of ===) to see if strpos() returns 0, or boolean false.   
if(strpos('abc', 'a') !== false)
    print('Found it for real this time!');
?>